Continuous 2-Methyl-3-butyn-2-ol Selective Hydrogenation on Pd/γ-Al2O3 as a Green Pathway of Vitamin A Precursor Synthesis

In this work, the effect of pretreatment conditions (10% H2/Ar flow rate 25 mL/min and 400 °C, 3 h or 600 17 h) on catalytic performance 1 wt.% Pd/γ-Al2O3 has been evaluated for hydrogenation 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol in continuous-flow mode. Two palladium catalysts have tested under different pressure temperature characterized using various physicochemical techniques. The red(400 °C)-Pd/γ-Al2O3 red(600 are affected by coexistence several related factors like competition between PdH PdCx formation during reaction, structure sensitivity, hydrogen spillover to alumina support presence absence Pd–Al species. High-temperature reduction leads species addition pure Pd. which reveal unique electronic properties decreasing Pdδ− surface concentration via electron transfer from Pd Al, leading a weaker Pd–Alkyl bonding, additionally assisted spillover, sites improved semi-hydrogenation towards 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (97%)—an important intermediate vitamin A synthesis.